Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Atmosphere and Ocean Physics

Understanding how oceans circulate and how the atmosphere moves is essential for grasping planetary climate systems and weather patterns. This course introduces the core mathematical and physical principles governing geophysical fluids without requiring prior advanced fluid mechanics experience. You will transition from basic physics concepts to analyzing complex planetary-scale flows. Through step-by-step written explanations, you will learn to model fluid motion, apply dimensional scaling, and understand how Earth's rotation shapes global wind and ocean currents. What you'll learn: - Understand the fundamental differences between Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions of fluid flow - Apply dimensional analysis and scaling techniques to simplify complex environmental fluid equations - Master the physics of the Coriolis force and how it drives geostrophic and inertial motion in rotating systems - Analyze rotating shallow water models and the mechanics of geostrophic adjustment - Explore wind-driven ocean circulation, the Sverdrup relation, and western boundary currents - Examine modern climate and ocean modeling concepts, including sub-grid scale parameterizations and data assimilation basics The course begins with foundational fluid properties and basic equations of motion, gradually building up to planetary rotation, boundary currents, and modern computational modeling frameworks. Each concept is reinforced with clear mathematical breakdowns and written conceptual exercises. This course is designed for beginners, aspiring meteorologists, oceanographers, and environmental scientists seeking a solid conceptual foundation in geophysical fluid dynamics. No advanced engineering background is required. Read through the fundamental physics of our planet and start analyzing geophysical flows today.